If a patient in cardiac arrest lacks a valid living will or DNR, what is the recommended action?

• A. Wait for a physician order
• B. Begin resuscitation at once
• C. Consult the patient's family before acting
• D. Only perform chest compressions

Answer: (B)

In an emergency, time matters most. When there isn’t a valid living will or DNR, the patient is presumed to want life-saving care, so you follow implied consent and start resuscitation immediately. Delaying to obtain a physician order or to consult family wastes crucial minutes and can reduce survival chances. A full resuscitation effort is necessary, including high-quality chest compressions and ventilation, along with defibrillation if the rhythm is appropriate. Limiting to only chest compressions or waiting for orders or input from family isn’t appropriate when there’s no DNR in place. If a valid DNR or living will exists, those directives must be honored.