What term describes a temporary loss or alteration of brain function without structural brain damage?

• A. Cerebral concussion
• B. Contusion
• C. Epidural hematoma
• D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer: (A)

A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury characterized by a temporary disruption of brain function after head trauma, with no lasting structural damage to the brain. After the injury, the person may momentarily lose consciousness or become confused, and may have amnesia about the event, headache, dizziness, or nausea. Because there isn’t persistent structural injury, imaging like a CT scan often appears normal.

This differs from a contusion, which is actual bruising of brain tissue with structural injury that can show changes on imaging. It also differs from epidural hematoma or subarachnoid hemorrhage, where bleeding around or within the brain creates a structural problem and can lead to rapid deterioration. Recognizing concussion helps guide careful monitoring, appropriate management on scene, and decisions about rest and medical clearance before returning to activities.